Confusing Pronouns: he, she, it, they, that, this, these, those

These simple words can cause readers great confusion. Consider this sentence:

The treaty provided a peaceful way to settle international disputes. It was an important step forward for all nations.

The reader cannot tell whether "It" at the beginning of the second sentence refers to the treaty or to the peaceful way of setting disputes. Using "This was" instead of "it was" wouldn't help the reader very much. Consider these revisions of the second sentence:

The signing of the agreement marked an important step forward. . . or This method of resolving conflicts was an important step forward. . .

John and Fred loved to watch the Braves. THEY were great.

In fact, even after a week spent deliberating the case, the jury could not reach a verdict. The media considered IT a complete fiasco.

When confronted with the issues discussed, the tutor could not answer the questions the writer raised about her Biology
paper. THOSE things were just too difficult for him, since he had no experience with IT.

After the game, Fred told John that HE had won free season's tickets.